ABSTRACT
Tozinameran, a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccine, has a favorable safety profile and is highly efficacious in preventing COVID-19. Adverse reactions such as pain at the vaccination site, fever, malaise, headache, rash, and anaphylaxis have been commonly reported for mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. We report a case involving a 71-year-old Japanese woman who developed interstitial lung disease (ILD) after receiving an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. We also review case reports of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-associated ILD. Dyspnea or hypoxia that develops within 1-3 days after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination should be differentiated from ILD. Further studies to elucidate mechanisms and risk factors of rare adverse reactions such as ILD are warranted.
ABSTRACT
We conducted a study to examine the effect of COVID-19 on the acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) early in the COVID-19 epidemic (January 1-April 30, 2020). An online questionnaire survey was conducted, which was completed by 134 hospitals. During this period, 854 patients with AE-ILD (including 12 cases of COVID-AE-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were hospitalized at 128 hospitals. In comparison, the total number of AE-ILD hospitalizations during the same period in 2019 was 894. The number of hospitalizations increased at 17 hospitals, decreased at 27, and remained the same at 88 hospitals in 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. In 2020, COVID-19-related acute exacerbations had a significantly worse prognosis than non-COVID-19-related acute exacerbations in both 30-day and 90-day mortality. Because the prognosis of AE-ILD associated with COVID-19 is extremely poor, prevention of COVID-19 is especially important for patients with ILD.